Fundamentals

The basic units engineers spend most of their day inside. Get these right and most other code-quality problems shrink; get them wrong and no amount of architecture can compensate.

Topics

• Naming — Choosing names that survive review, refactor, and time.
• Functions — Cohesion, parameters, return values, and the right level of abstraction.
• Classes — Class size, single responsibility, encapsulation, and composition.
• Variables — Scope, lifetime, mutability, and initialization.
• Comments — What deserves a comment, what does not, and what to write instead.
• Formatting — Vertical and horizontal layout, file organization.